Online Threats vs. Mitigation Efforts: Keeping Children Safe in the Era of Online Learning

As the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in school closures since early 2020, children have spent more time online through virtual classrooms using educational technology (EdTech) and videoconferencing applications. This increased presence of children online exposes them to more risk of cyber threats. Here, we present a review of the current research and policies to protect children while online. We seek to answer four key questions: what are the online threats against children when learning online, what is known about children's cybersecurity awareness, what government policies and recommendations are implemented and proposed to protect children online, and what are the proposed and existing efforts to teach cybersecurity to childrenƒ Our study emphasizes the online risks to children and the importance of protective government policies and educational initiatives that give kids the knowledge and empowerment to protect themselves online. © 2023 IEEE.

A Case of Pediatric Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis Evaluated for Liver Transplant Listing.

Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) refers to liver injury from alcoholic intake that usually occurs after years of heavy alcohol abuse. Frequent, heavy alcohol consumption causes hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Some patients develop severe AH, which carries high short-term mortality and is the second most common reason for adult liver transplants (LTs) worldwide. We present one of the first cases of a teenager diagnosed with severe AH that led to LT evaluation. Our patient was a 15-year-old male who presented with epistaxis and 1 month of jaundice after 3 years of heavy daily alcohol abuse. In collaboration with our adult transplant hepatologist colleagues, we initiated a management plan that consisted of treating acute alcohol withdrawal, steroid utilization, mental health support, and LT evaluation.

If you are in, you will understand: A new ‘dress code' on TikTok is reframing lesbian teens' safe space

I intend to offer in this article a visualized research of teenager lesbian style on TikTok and a discourse of queer safe spaces in networked contexts. Due to the influence of the queer feminist movement, the social acceptance of queerness has increased in most countries. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning groups are no longer limited by the gay ‘dress code', which is historically used to protect queer identity from discrimination and violence. During my personal nomadic experience moving from China to the Netherlands, I noticed that it is hard to pick out someone who ‘looks gay' in the street. The freedom of dressing and self-expression has gradually become universal in western countries. Whereas, without legalized same-sex marriage in mainland China, visibility in style is still a signification of sexuality and a way of communication. Beyond the diversity of style, a new form of lesbian ‘dress code' on TikTok has triggered me to examine safe spaces for teenagers. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the fashion industry finds itself in a challenging condition, which is accelerating its digital transfor-mation. An increasing number of fashion labels see potential in TikTok as a new public territory to practise self-exploration for numerous teens. By analysing the visual content and interviewing four TikTok creators, this article addresses the gap between public and insider prejudice around codes of dressing. It proposes not only to rethink the relation between fashion and identity but also to ruminate on queer safe space through researching ways of dressing. © 2023 Intellect Ltd Article. English language.

The situation of Ukrainian refugees as perceived by the teenagers from Dobrogea, in a post-pandemic context

This study explores changes in attitude and coping strategies to some pressures and stressors generated by global social problems, felt at the individual level. The aim of the study was to identify how teenagers / civil society perceive the (difficult) situation that refugees are going through, and how they (teenagers) have adapted to the new reality and design ways out of the crisis in case of would face a similar problem. The specific objectives of the study are 1) how civil society adapted to the pandemic;2) how civil society adapted to the wave of refugees following the war. The study took place between March 1-15, 2022 and targeted the Dobrogea area, especially Constanţa county. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Technium Social Sciences Journal is the property of Technium Press Constanta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

SARS-CoV-2 Possible Etiology of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in a Teenager: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Cerebral venous thrombosis in pediatric patient has a varied etiology. The authors present the case of a teenager who, since the debut of SARS-CoV-2 infection, has accused intermittent right side hemicrania, which has become persistent in association with nausea and vomiting since the 5th day of quarantine. She was hospitalized in the 9th day since the debut. Neuroimaging revealed extended venous cerebral thrombosis affecting the right sigmoid sinus, the transverse sinus bilaterally, the confluence of the transverse sinuses and the right internal jugular vein. The evolution was favorable under anticoagulant and symptomatic treatment. Laboratory tests excluded other etiological causes for the cerebral venous thrombosis, thus the authors consider that cerebral thrombosis is a possible complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection in teenagers.

Prevalence of, and Factors Associated with Asthma among Teenager Students in Erbil City

Background: Asthma is a common chronic disease among teenager students, and has led to a significant morbidities and disabilities. Few comprehensive studies have estimated the prevalence of asthma in Erbil city. Objective(s): To find out the prevalence of asthma in 12 to 19-year-old teenager students in Erbil city and to identify the factors that are associated with prevalence of asthma. Method(s): A cross-sectional study was carried out on 2000, 12 to 19-year-old students in Erbil city, during the academic year 2021-2022. The questionnaire was developed by the researcher. The data were analyzed by SPSS, version 25, software. A pvalue of <= 0.05 was considered, statistically significant. Result(s): The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 7.0%. Significant association (p < 0.001) was detected between the prevalence of asthma and the following factors: using gaseous heating system, using kerosene heating system, insecticides spray use, presence of dampens on the wall, household pets, smoking, having plants at house and spending some time at the house or public garden, while there was no significant association between the prevalence of asthma and the following factors: allowing household pets in bed (p 0.895), using home generator (p = 0.160), presence of a factory (p = 0.139) or generator ( p = 0.474) near the house, exposure to irritant substances during work after the school hours (p = 0.150). Conclusion(s): The prevalence of asthma in Erbil city, Iraqi Kurdistan Region was 7.0 %. The rate of asthma and asthma related symptoms is highly effected by many of risk factors like heating system inside the house and house related factors such as presence of dampens, molds, household pets, presence of plants and flowers in the house and smoking among 12 to 19-year-old teenager. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Cyberbullying of Vietnamese High Schoolers during Social Distancing due to COVID-19

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the problems encountered by Vietnamese schoolchildren during the period of strict restrictions in the form of social distancing to combat the 4th wave of COVID-19 in Vietnam. This is the first systematic study in Vietnam that uses reliable research tools to assess cyberbullying among adolescents during COVID-19 social distancing. Materials and Methods. The study draws on a survey of 787 (grades 6-12) Vietnamese teenagers randomly selected from provinces and cities in the north of Vietnam. An expert survey of students was conducted using the Google Form service. The reliability of the results of the study was verified using the alpha coefficient (ANOVA test) and factor analysis EFA. Results. The final statistical data obtained showed a significant influence of factors: gender, course of study (age), place of residence, purpose, time of use and type of social network on cyberbullying of Vietnamese teenagers and young men. The negative strategy of combating cyberbullying and the experience of cyberbullying (as a subject or victim), which are factors strongly influencing cyberbullying in Vietnamese adolescents and young men, has been identified. During social distancing, Vietnamese teenagers and young men developed a tendency to abuse social networks for entertainment and communication purposes. During social distancing, the manifestations of bullying through social networks in Vietnamese teenagers showed an increase at an alarming rate, focusing mainly on 2 groups of behavior, including "mental violence and invasion of privacy” and "online fraud and sexual harassment”. A closed causal cycle of cyberbullying has been identified, in which the mediating factor contributing to this cycle is the way a teenager reacts negatively to cyberbullying during social distancing due to COVID-19. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study are an important basis for the creation of prevention and psychological intervention programs to help Vietnamese adolescents and young men during social distancing due to COVID-19 in order to prevent cyberbullying, contributing to mental health. © 2022 National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University. All rights reserved.

How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected young people?-Mapping knowledge structure and research framework by scientometric analysis.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been a large body of literature focusing on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and young people. The purpose of this study is to explore the current research status and the specific mechanism of COVID-19's effects on young people based on related literature. This paper mainly used VOS viewer and CiteSpace software to conduct a scientometric analysis of 5,077 publications retrieved from the Web of Science database. The results show that the main contributors to the field were mainly from North America and Europe, and the trend of research focus was from shallow to deep. The five main research areas in the field were summarized by keyword clustering analysis as follows: lifestyle changes due to lockdown; changes in stress and emotions; psychological illness and trauma; risk perception and practice toward the epidemic; interventions and social support. Finally, they were linked by four pathways to form a framework that integrates the relationships between the five domains and between elements within each of them, revealing the mechanism of COVID-19's effect on young people. In addition, less studied but promising elements are also presented in the framework, such as research on special groups (disadvantaged socioeconomic groups and sexual minority youth) and extreme suicidal tendencies that deserve our further attention.

Neuroticism and fear of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic: Testing the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty and sense of control among Chinese high school students.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in 2019, neuroticism has been proven a predictor of fear of COVID-19 infection. However, only few studies have been conducted on the factors affecting the relationship between neuroticism and this kind of fear. The present study is aimed at analyzing the role intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and sense of control (SOC) play in relation to neuroticism and the fear of COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, China, and we collected complete datasets from 792 high school students. The main results can be described as follows: (a) individuals with high neuroticism tended to have higher intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and a lower sense of control (SOC); (b) IU and SOC played a mediating role between neuroticism and fear of COVID-19, and a serial mediation effect was found between these factors; (c) after controlling for both IU and SOC, the effect of neuroticism on fear was no longer significant. The results suggested a critical role of IU and sense of control in the causal relationship between neuroticism and fear.

The incidence of self-harm ingestions in adolescents and young adults at a tertiary care center.

BACKGROUND: There has been an increasing incidence of self-harm attempts in recent years in the United States. Particularly concerning, there has been a growing trend of self-harm in the adolescent and young adult population. In order to inform initiatives to address this trend, risk factors and substances used for self-harm need to be clarified. METHODS: This is a descriptive retrospective observational study on all cases of self-harm poisoning in patients between the ages of 12 and 25 years reported at the state's only tertiary care center from January 2019 through March 2022. RESULTS: There was an increased incidence of 69% for self-harm poisonings for all ages and a 90% increase in ages 12-17 years between the years 2019 and 2021. Fifty percent of all cases occurred in patients aged 14-17 years, 69% were female, and 22% required an intensive care unit. The top three most common substances used are available without a prescription. DISCUSSION: There was a persistent increase in self-harm attempts via poisoning throughout the study period with a particularly vulnerable period in the adolescent age group.

[Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents and treatments]. / Répercussions psychologiques de la pandémie de COVID-19 chez les enfants et les adolescents et modalités de prise en charge.

Children and adolescents were particularly affected by the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 health crisis. They were faced with multiple stressors such as repeated confinements, the use of masks, the disruption of daily routines, the lack of social interactions following the closure of schools and the cessation of extra-curricular activities. These adversities dramatically weakened their coping strategies and their resources. In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Olivier Sorel, Juliane Tortes Saint-Jammes et Sandie Meillerais discuss the changes that have been implemented in their clinical practice for children in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Then, they will also identify, by using clinical examples, the procedures specifically used to develop, reinforce or reactivate the resources of children and adolescents during the therapy. Finally, they address the very notion of clinical support, with an emphasis on EMDR therapy and a family-centered approach.

TEEN SOCIAL MEDIA USE DURING COVID-19: PARENT PERCEPTIONS AND OVERSIGHT

The paper investigates how parents of American teenagers navigated teen social media use during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, amid school closures and stay-at-home orders. Through an online survey, parents of teenagers reported on teen engagement, happiness, and social media use along with their own levels and types of oversight related to that social media use. Findings showed that parents perceived their teens to be similarly or less engaged in school and social activities than usual, and generally happy with social media use contributing somewhat to that happiness. Parental monitoring of social media use was the same or lower than during pre-pandemic times overall, with some significant differences related to parent gender, teen age, and teen gender. © 2022 IADIS Press. All rights reserved.

Being a teen with OCD: A qualitative examination of social functioning in the context of OCD

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been ranked by the World Health Organization as one of the 10 most debilitating conditions when looking at lost income and decreased quality of life. The current study is a qualitative examination of the experiencing of being a teenager with OCD with emphasis on social experiences. Interviews with participants revealed concerns along seven themes: distinguishing the self from OCD, OCD as a threat to survival, fear of negative evaluation, experiencing a constant inner dialogue and self-silencing, spending significant time with OCD, stigma, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on overall wellbeing. These findings have implications for clinical practice including combining Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Exposure Response Prevention as well as encouraging clinicians to view patients within the context of being teenager, not just patients with OCD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Addressing adolescent substance use through the integration of SBIRT into a primary care clinic:A quality improvement project

Background and Objective: Adolescent substance use is a serious public health problem. Negative consequences include risky sexual behaviors, violence, mental health risks, and lifelong consequences including substance use disorders, unemployment, and lower life satisfaction. Outpatient clinical providers may not consistently utilize evidence-based screening tools, such as the CRAFFT, for adolescent substance use. Providers identify barriers to implementation of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT). Methods: This quality improvement project used a mixed-methods design. Quantitative statistics included CRAFFT completion rates and pre- and post-provider readiness, comfort, and knowledge constructs of SBIRT. Qualitative data included provider comments about the DNP project. Results: Quarterly CRAFFT screening completion rates fluctuated but trended upward during the last quarter toward the goal of 75%. Data analyses indicated no statistical significance between baseline and completion for provider readiness, comfort, and knowledge of SBIRT. Conclusions: While there was not statistical significance with seven providers, there was clinical significance screening 80 adolescents and no negative outcomes. Despite challenging circumstances during the Coronavirus-19 pandemic, providers successfully engaged in SBIRT. Future implementation would include a SBIRT nurse navigator and use of an electronic device for adolescents to complete screening tool. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

COVID-19 Vaccine-A Potential Trigger for MOGAD Transverse Myelitis in a Teenager-A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.

MOGAD-transverse myelitis is a rare disorder in children and adults, but with a higher incidence in pediatric patients. We report a case of MOGAD-transverse myelitis in a boy who was admitted to hospital with bilateral motor deficit of the lower limbs associated with the impossibility of defecating and urinating. The symptoms progressively developed with severe fatigue within the week prior to admission, with the impossibility to stand occurring 36 h before admission. The anamnesis found that he was vaccinated for COVID-19 approximately 6 weeks before admission to our clinic. The laboratory tests revealed a normal complete cellular blood count, without any signs of inflammation or infection, except for both cryoglobulins and IgG anti-MOG antibodies. MRI showed a T2 hypersignal on vertebral segments C2-C5, Th2-Th5 and Th7-Th11, confirming the diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. The patient received intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone (1 g) for 5 days, associated with prophylactic antibiotic treatment, subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin and other supportive treatment. The patient was discharged on the 12th day of admission, able to walk without support and with no bladder or bowel dysfunction. We can conclude that an early diagnosis was essential for improving the patient's long-term outcome.

EVALUATION COMPARISON BETWEEN SINOVAC AND PFIZER VACCINE AMONG INDONESIAN CHILDREN AND TEENAGER UNDER 18 YEARS OLD

Objective: To evaluate the comparison between the Sinovac vaccine and Pfizer vaccine for children and teenagers under 18 y in Indonesia and other factors that influence it. Methods: The type of this research is observational with a cross-sectional design using convenience sampling for all children and teenager in Indonesia who has received the full dose of Sinovac and Pfizer vaccine. Results: It was found that the efficacy for Sinovac and Pfizer vaccines was 99.5% and 99.75%, respectively. Other factors that influence the side effects and efficacy of vaccines are gender, age, and BMI, with a p-value of each variable<0.05. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the type of vaccine, gender, age, and BMI with the efficacy and side effects of vaccination. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd.

Percentage of Children and/or Adolescents of All COVID-19 Cases: A Meta-analysis

Since the first report of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, the disease has rapidly spread to many countries worldwide. The initial reports showed that the incidence rate in adults was higher, while children and adolescents had fewer cases of infection. However, the number of COVID-19 cases has gradually increased in children and adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the percentage of children and/or adolescents of the total patients diagnosed with COVID-19. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched to find relevant studies. All statistical analyses were conducted using StataMP 14 software. A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. The final results showed that the percentage of children and/or adolescents of all COVID-19 cases was 0.06 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04-0.07], which meant an average of 6 cases in children per 10,000 COVID-19 cases. The percentage of children and/or adolescents with COVID-19 was 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01-0.05), 0.09 (95% CI, 0.08-0.09), 0.09 (95% CI, 0.03-0.16) and 0.04 (95% CI, 0.00-0.10) in Asia, South America, North America and Europe, respectively. The present study showed a low percentage of COVID-19 cases of children and/or adolescents, but not without infection risk. Therefore, we should pay attention to the cases of children and/or adolescents during the COVID-19 period and raise our vigilance. © 2022, Medcom Limited. All rights reserved.

Ballance - Social media for teenagers

With present social networking it's simple to communicate with anyone who is already know (e.g., Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, etc...) while other applications like tinder, bumble, etc. allows users to meet new individuals with similar interests but are solely based on dating. Even among children, the use of devices such as mobile phones are becoming more common. Most of the above-mentioned applications are meant for adults for socializing and dating. These applications also struggle with regulating adult content and thus, another red flag for parents allowing kids to maintain any online social life. Most teenagers spend their time playing in their neighborhood, and it may be their sole opportunity to meet new people [1]. During demanding time like COVID-19 it has becomes difficult, especially for teenagers to make new friends to play with. Face-to-face social interactions for adolescents are important and Ballance help towards solving this problem. The app displays all the people in the area, as well as the sport they are interested in. Users can add each other to one's friends list. Video call, chat and get to know each other online. Once users like each other as friends, they can now decide whether to meet or not and thus avoiding unnecessary human contact. A model is trained for adult / NSFW image detection, no user can upload any adult photos on the app and thus assuring all the parents that the app is safe and appropriate for children. © 2022 IEEE.

Empirical study on understanding online buying behaviour through machine learning algorithms

The research study tries to understand teenagers' online engagement and the behavioral transformation in buying stuff online. The study also tries to ideate the stability of spike in online buying (if any) and its sustainability. Statistical tools like the K-S test, M.L.R. test, Pearson Correlation has been used to justify the study and the usage of machine learning algorithms to construct a predictive model of behaviour and its efficiency. The study will help online retailers understand their sales figures' stability. It will allow them to strategize their marketing functionalities to make the space more attractive even after the world comes out of the pandemic. The increasing usage of intelligent android devices and relatively cheap data has surged the penetration of online engagements among all the age group peoples. The youngsters are engaging in online stuff hence bringing down a considerable transformation in buying behaviour, pattern, and a collective change in marketers' approach to strategizing according to the ever-evolving market forces. © 2022 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.

A Teenager Physical Fitness Evaluation Model Based on 1D-CNN with LSTM and Wearable Running PPG Recordings.

People attach greater importance to the physical health of teenagers because adolescence is a critical period for the healthy development of the human body. With the progress of biosensing technologies and artificial intelligence, it is feasible to apply wearable devices to continuously record teenagers' physiological signals and make analyses based on modern advanced methods. To solve the challenge that traditional methods of monitoring teenagers' physical fitness lack accurate computational models and in-depth data analyses, we propose a novel evaluation model for predicting the physical fitness of teenagers. First, we collected 1024 teenagers' PPGs under the guidance of the proposed three-stage running paradigm. Next, we applied the median filter and wavelet transform to denoise the original signals and obtain HR and SpO2. Then, we used the Pearson correlation coefficient method to finalize the feature set, based on the extracted nine physical features. Finally, we built a 1D-CNN with LSTM model to classify teenagers' physical fitness condition into four levels: excellent, good, medium, and poor, with an accuracy of 98.27% for boys' physical fitness prediction, and 99.26% for girls' physical fitness prediction. The experimental results provide evidence supporting the feasibility of predicting teenagers' physical fitness levels by their running PPG recordings.